Classical argument structure Essay

Establish qualifications. Note your authority on the subject. Establish a common ground. â€Å"I have your best interests in mind, etc† Helps the audience believe your argument. Demonstrate fairness. Acknowledge opposing ideas without disagreeing. Note the introductions. Include at least one of the above. Following must be used. Announcement of subject. (problem your essay addresses) General topic (area within subject) Specific topic (issue related to general topic) Thesis statement- last sentence of introduction. Thesis statement is- Your personal definition, what you are defining, what you think the subject is, why you think that. Background One paragraph. Format- Formal definition, description, differences. ONLY include the most relevant. Topic sentence (Chopping mall is a film made in 1986) Descriptions- (explain that definition in detail) film, robots/lasers, mall, etc Limited Info directly related to the formal definition and your definition. Exclude and that doesn’t. Beneficial- info that supports/agrees with your position. Lines of argument Normal body essay, standard paragraph structure, three paragraphs. Supports your position. Reasons for your definition, different modes, one mode and key feature per LOA. Explanations Your explanations, ideas, words. How examples supports your definition. Uses mode-based evidence. Explain for explanation. People, places, events for narrative. Etc. Majority of paragraph. Rebuttal- One paragraph Two different possibilities. 1. Introduce opposing argument Formal/another definition Explain why that position is wrong, why your position is better Why your definition is distinct from the other Or 2. Predict opposition to your argument. Why they think you are wrong Explain why that opposition is wrong, unnecessary, etc Conclusion One paragraph Restate thesis Summarize your argument. Thesis statement, background, lines of argument, rebuttal, conclusion Classical argument structure = outline Intro (one paragraph) announcement of subject, topic (general) and topic (specific) your definition (thesis) Background (one paragraph) formal definition and description, difference between formal and personal Lines of argument (three paragraphs) same feature per paragraph, different mode per paragraph, explain. Rebuttal (one paragraph) their definition/opposition and why it’s wrong Conclusion- restate main ideas of argument. Planning for argument- set up structure, fill in details. Definition Prewriting Name: Olivia Newton Main Idea and Thesis Statement (Do not proceed to any other portion of this assignment until you have completed this entire section) Subject – Leadership Claim – (Leadership is about) It is important not to overlook the true meaning of leadership or what leadership is about Controlling Idea – Leadership is about having people stand with you rather than be intimidated to follow you. Tentative Thesis Statement – Leadership is not about pressuring people to follow you, but about encouraging others to stand with you. Background Paragraph Formal definition – The dictionary describes leadership as â€Å"the state of being in a leadership role.† Explain formal definition – Rather than describing the traits of good leadership, the definition for leadership has become a stereotypical position that literally anybody could fill. Anybody could fill a leadership role, but not everyone should. Distinguish your definition from formal – Anyone can be a leader according to the definition, but true leadership is made an example by so few. In today’s society leadership positions such as restaurant managers and political leaders are maintained through intimidation and conniving, however such positions should be corrected to follow the true definition of leadership. These positions should focus on compromising and taking well-calculated risks. Line of Argument 1 In what mode will you describe it? (Explanation, example, process, comparison, etc.) Classification Rewrite controlling idea from thesis – Leadership is about having people stand with you rather than be intimidated to follow you. Tentative topic sentence – (give 3 example of a good leader.) Activist, and civil-rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. fits the position of a true leader because of his selfless fight for racial equality and his ability to unite people in non-violent protest. Describe this feature using the mode you selected from the previous question. Line of Argument 2 In what mode will you describe it? (Explanation, example, process, comparison, etc.) Explanation Rewrite controlling idea from thesis – Leadership is about encouraging others to stand with you Tentative topic sentence – Positive outcomes are results of positive leadership, for example a leader who cannot unite a group would be unable to fit the definition of true leadership. Describe this feature using the mode you selected from the previous question. Line of Argument 3 In what mode will you describe it? (Explanation, example, process, comparison, etc.) Process Rewrite controlling idea from thesis – Leadership is about having people stand with you rather than be intimidated to follow you. Tentative topic sentence – To become a good leader you must first come to an understanding that the needs of the group you lead come first. Describe this feature using the mode you selected from the previous question. Rebuttal (Choose one) Option 1 – Address opposing argument Leadership is a person who commands others and is the primary person in charge of everything. Introduce another definition – Leadership is about delegating tasks, compromising when needed, and occasionally allowing the group to make a democratic decision. Explain why yours is better – History. Adolf Hitler, a brilliant leader, was despised throughout the world because of his totalitarian (total control) and cruelty towards outsiders. Rather than settling things democratically, his word was law. However, MLK was beloved, and his leadership style was effective without the use of violence or intimidation. Option 2 – Predict opposition Why readers should not oppose your definition – The hollow definition of leadership has become a common basis for what leadership really is in today’s society. Tyranny is poor leadership given by a person is a solid position. Qualities of a good leader are absent in the dictionary definition of leadership, but should be accounted for by all leaders

Religion and Myth

Consider what purpose the Myth of Esfandyar may have served within its culture. Evaluate carefully the characters, story lines, and try to determine what message, moral, or behavioral conventions you can associate with the respective myths. Make sure to cite specific parts of the story in your discussions. It is always OK to compare a myth to another or note a theme that may seem universal or conventional in mythology, (e. g. the god who dies and is resurrected motif from our last discussion). Just be specific in referencing other stories.Some possible angles to consider in composing your post: This myth ends with the following lines: Who among us can escape our fate? Who among us can use our wisdom, or our courage, or our strength, or our skill to this end? No one. How do Goshtasp and Esfandyar remain true to their principles? What effect does predestination have on the characters in this myth? How would predestination affect the way an individual lives? Esfandyar was a great warrio r who set in his heart to become the great ruler and King of Persia.His father knew that he was a great warrior and set him in his first task to defeat King Arjasp of Turan. Esfandyar then defeated Arjasp and his Demon warriors and caused them to flee from Persia. When Esfandyar returned to his father victorious and demanded that he be the King of Persia his father responded by sending him on another quest and to spread the word of Urmazd. When his father heard from a jealous nobleman that his son was going to over throw him from the thrown, he became so furious that he wanted to get rid of him at all cost.Because King Goshtasp knew he would not be able to defeat Arjasp and his army, safe his children or defend Persia all on his own he needed his son Esfandyar to help him succeed, so he let him go after imprisoning him. King Goshtasp also knew that his son would not fight for him unless he gave him the false believe of giving him the crown and becoming King. With this hope Esfandyar once again battled and defeated Arjasp, saved his brother and sisters after going through the seven stages of hardship.After all this his father still sent him on another journey to distract him from wanting the thrown after he knew that his son’s death was going to be on the hands of Rostam the great warrior. Even though Esfandyar knew his father was out to get him killed so that he would not precede him for the thrown he still went through with it because he has said â€Å"The brave warriors take the shortest route! A man has only one life to live and one death to face! And what will come is written in the stars! So it is best to be virtuous and valiant! After battling Rostam, Esfandyar was killed, and even though he knew that his father sent him there to be killed he knew â€Å"Urmazd will curse him for it! But, surely this was written in the stars in the heavens, and what is written there is sure to come! You are only the arm of fate. † This myth tells a lot abou t the Persian culture and the way they viewed the world. They had great faith and they knew with that faith came great power and privilege. Also they valued strength and had respect for it. They viewed strong men as heroes and worriers that had the ability to get what they want.This story is a myth because it has the belief of immortality and they used magic and power as a way to get what you want. By his great strength Esfandyar was able to win the seven stages and kill all that were in his way. This is similar to other myth in a way that myth always try to portray their heroes with God like strength, also the wisdom that these kings have in seeing the future and what is to come outlines their fate and their destiny. King Goshtasp has wisdom when he told his son â€Å"†¦one great victory does not entitle a prince to rule a Kingdom!And your hunger for power does not become you! † He knew that if a person becomes blinded by his ambition then it will get the best of him. K ing Goshtasp knew his son Esfandyar really wanted the thrown and will do anything to get it, and he remembered when he did the same thing with his father. That is why he plotted for his son’s death, because they believed in fate and that only what was written would come true. Esfandyar did not care that his fate was near. This myth teaches us many values that we need faith to live for and live by and that only what is destined for us will be.

Devoted Son

Analytical essay In the story â€Å"The devoted son† by Anita Desai. The author illustrates strong and vivid meaning in the depth of the story. The Author portrays a truth. No matter how well progressive one is, tradition will always counter it.Rakesh’s Father went ill and sick even though he was under a professional doctor who was also his son â€Å"One day when the father was really sick, having ordered his daughter-in-law to make him a dish of soojie halwa  and eaten it with a saucerful of cream, Rakesh marched into the room, not with his usual respectful step but with the confident and rather contemptuous stride of the famous doctor, and declared, â€Å"No more  halwa  for you, papa. We must be sensible, at your age. If you must have something sweet, Veena will cook you a little  kheer, that’s light, just a little rice and milk.But nothing fried anything rich. We can’t have this happening again. †(Desai, 79). We see essentialism, where the father expects his son to get him what he wants. At the same time we see Marxist theory where shift in the balance of power happens. Before the father had the power to tell his son what to do, and it seems like the father is still used to it. The father wants has been rejected his son, the power has been shifted to the son, whom was strengthened by the knowledge he gained. Not to say his knowledge was wrong though.The father then sits shocked with his eyes widely pierced out (Desai, 79). The tradition of the father kicks in because it was against the child to object on the father’s needs and wants. The essentialism here is clear. And that the shift in balance of power happens because of knowledge. Secondly Even though Rakesh has succeeded in prolonging his father’s life, Old Varma wanted to die. The medicines Rakesh’s father takes actually did make his father live longer and healthy, but actually he just also made his father hate living and suicidal.Superego can be seen here because Rakesh sees that the right thing is that medicine and Vitamins pills will only cure his father. From the Knowledge and experience Rakesh had as a doctor, he knew exactly what his father should eat, the doze and the number of times a day. His purpose was only to make his father live longer. On the Other side Old Varma’s point of view is that his son is limiting his food for him, limiting the quality of the food, limiting the number of times he can eat. Rakesh rejects his father’s desires, where Varma sees it as torture. He complains to his neighbour about that.He doesn’t even want to live anymore so he tells Rakesh â€Å" Let me die, it would be better, I do not want to live only to eat your medicine† Clearly an image of depression and mental illness is seen through Rakesh’s father, Even though Rakesh just wanted to make his father live longer. This relates to the truth, where Rakesh’s knowledge is countering his fat her’s Traditional desires to halawi and Jaledi and other sorts of food which Varma is used to and enjoys eating. This leads to the father desiring death, and waiting for god to take him. Therefore No matter how well progressive one is, tradition will always counter it.In the story â€Å"What is poverty† by T. Dalymple. He illustrates an important message that every country has its own definition of poverty. Corruption has started by the government. â€Å"They'll find her a new flat. They'll buy her new furniture, television, and refrigerator, because it's unacceptable poverty in this day and age to live without them†¦ She’ll invite him there, he'll smash it up again, and then they'll find her somewhere else to live. There is, in fact, nothing she can do that will deprive her of the state's obligation to house, feed, and entertain her. ( Daliymple,3) The implicit meaning of this quote is that the British government will buy her a new place to stay, includin g the necessity and appliances. The man will get away though. In the end the guy will come back and damage the house and all this will repeat over and over. One of the literary devices in this quote is sarcasm. â€Å"†¦because it's unacceptable poverty in this day and age to live without them. [ furniture, television, and refrigerator]† The author sarcastically expresses his opinion on poverty in UK. It is not that important to have T.V or furniture or fridge; those items are for luxurious purposes. This portrays how high the standard of poverty in UK is. Although that sounds like a good thing, it actually is not. They get spoiled by luxury. Making them unable to see how hard it is to afford a flat or a television. This quote also has situational irony. This is because the women’s flat got damaged by her Ex-boyfriend, and even though she gets her rights from the law and gets a new house, she still will invite him over so he can damaged her new house again.This sho ws how laid back the British citizens are specifically the ones living on the poverty line. In this case the woman abuses the law since she doesn’t care about the house. She didn’t pay for the flat. Who actually paid for it, are the rich people paying their taxes. This leads to the theory of representation, where those couples represent how laid back and lazy the British people whom are living on poverty are. The government’s opinion of how their society should be like and how the poverty standard should be spoils the society. Making them not feel how hard it is to work for getting a house or cleaning is.The government made the British citizens corrupted with their high standard of living, making poverty have a different meaning. In UK, poverty means to have T. V and a house given by the government along with the furniture. Secondly, the narrator shows how the British culture is falling behind. The narrator kept referring to the other 3rd world doctors that work with him. He portrays how dependant UK citizens are on the government, how they do not care of cleaning and their life has no order or appreciation and disrespectful culture. This shows Discrimination theory of difference.The author shows that the British’s culture has an unhealthy essential life, versus the third world, where they work had to achieve a house, water or luxurious items. Narrator talks about the struggle going on to achieve a house. How the poverty is in India and Philippines. The author also illustrates the difference between the amount of respect given to the doctor between UK and 3rd world countries. UK had the man who cursed the doctors, but in 3rd world countries they probably will thank the doctors for helping them with their issues.Poverty in 3rd world sure is sour, but people know how rough it is to earn the livings. While as UK’s poverty has a very high standard, the citizens do not know how hard it is to live, and they abuse the laws. Therefor e every country has it is own definition of poverty. In the documentary â€Å"Ban into Brothers†, Briski gives her view on an extremely important message. This message is that parents and society are the major influences on a child's future. Briski interviewed a boy who lived a miserable and struggling life. His name was Avijit. There is nothing called hope in my life† (Briski), said Avijit. Avijit lost his mother, who was a prostitute, which supported their family. On the other hand, Avijit is a drug addict (hash). Basically, Avijit is living in the very lowest class. He has no home, and education is not easy for him. Avijit says: â€Å"We don't have enough time to live let alone to study. † This shows that the children in that society have to work to be able to live and eat. Lastly, Briski illustrates Puja as a solid representation of feminisms in that community and the true power that women have.Puja's families are all prostitutes. Her mother is a prostitute, as well as her grandmother. Although Puja dresses well and eats well, the method being used to support her and her family is entirely wrong. This leads to the analytical theory of commodotisation. Puja's lives in a society where prostitution is the only opportunity for females to support themselves and their families with enough money. This is evident when Puja's family pulls her out of school early in order to make more money, sooner, to better support their family. Puja's future is not bright at all.Her family and her environment have ruined her life, and any hopes and dreams that Puja has for her future. She was destined to be a prostitute and sell her body, just like her older generations. Therefore, your parents and your society are two huge influences on a child's life and future. In conclusion, in all 3 previous steps, there is one common truth. In the stories of â€Å"What is poverty† by T. Dalymple, â€Å"The devoted son† by Anita Desai, and â€Å"born into b rothels† by Zana Briski we see the common universal truth of, Education and Society raises one’s level into the world and community.In The devoted son, we see that Rakesh was very well educated; his society was not a problem. Rakesh grew up to become a doctor. He became wealth. He stood out in his community. He was very well known, and people loved him. His father also was proud of him; they did not suffer from any health or financial issues. Rakesh was lucky to be one of the people whom are on the higher level. On the other hand the documentary of â€Å"Born into Brothels† Though the opposite was seen where children living in that society could not even taste hope.That society only allowed the girls to become prostitutes and men to become pimps if they wanted to make money to live with the basic physiological needs. Others in that society couldn’t travel, just for living in that society; others found schooling not possible because their mother is a prosti tute or a slave. Children mentioned in that movie, such as Puja and Avijit, they are living in the lowest level in their community and in the world. In the story â€Å"what is poverty† by T. Dalymple. Poverty had a higher standard, where television and fridge was provided. But the society had struggles within itself.Lack of independency, and feeling the pain to earn money made them blind and turn into disrespectful, ungrateful, lazy, unhealthy community. They are living a good life maybe, but the society is not very well developed. People living in that poverty can be on the middle level. Without education, one cannot raise his level in the world, and without a proper society people will not have a healthy good future. Education and society are like stairs, where one needs it to go up higher, higher in terms of living standard. Therefore Education and the Society raise one’s level into the world and community.

Definitions of Green Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Definitions of Green Engineering - Essay Example Green engineering is basically an attempt to find a why between complex engineering processes and the need of securing the environment. It can also be used a pedagogical tool by incorporating broader environmental issues into scientific analyses (Shonnard, Allen, Nguyen, Austin, and Hesketh 5453). Considering the importance of green engineering for environmental sustainability, most of the educational institutes have also started to incorporate a combination of green engineering principles and scientific training into engineering education. The aim is to make students and future engineers able to save the environment by adopting the concept of green engineering based on effective mathematic techniques and unique scientific principles. This paper describes three main conceptual frameworks of green engineering in detail to know the similarities and differences between them. The aim is to come up with a proper definition of green engineering based on which engineers can base their engin eering designs and plans. The thesis statement for the paper is, ‘Whatever conceptual framework is adopted for green engineering design, the underlying aim in all of them is to cater to the needs of the sustainable environment and those of the community’. ... To me, McDonough and Braungart, in Cradle to Cradle, seem to be emphasizing on the production of such products that are less harmful for the environment upon becoming useless for people. They speak for the concept of ‘upcycling’ and suggest designers to keep in mind the ecological compatibility, as well as the environmental consequences of products. However, designers need to put a great effort to meet all demands of the Cradle to Cradle framework. The reason is that, at present, there is not much emphasis on redesigning or restructuring the design and development processes and in order to go with the Cradle to Cradle framework, designers need to transform all processes of product design and development completely to make them compatible with the needs of sustainable environment. I would say that the aim of McDonough and Braungart in Cradle to Cradle is obviously to create and maintain the natural environment by minimizing the effects of industrial products when they bec ome useless. They have focused on the need to change the current system because it can produce disastrous effects for the ecosystem. Obviously, the aim of zero waste cannot be achieved under current system not only because of changing human needs and demands regarding products but also because of industrial processes of product development that produce waste some way or other. However, manufacturing of products in such a way that they can be recycled upon reaching maximum life can be a substitute for the aim of achieving zero waste (McDonough and Braungart 42). Therefore, engineers should adopt such methods of manufacturing that should make the products recyclable and eco-friendly. Anastas and Zimmerman, on the

Cross Cultural Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cross Cultural Managment - Essay Example Globalization has led to progressive diversification where the organizations are filled with diverse workforce belonging to different culture and countries (Dong and Liu 1352-1706). The impact of the cultural diversity is unclear and not unidirectional. The impact of diversified cultural workforce on the team productivity can be rewarding only if the organizational culture and climate is positive and congenial. Culture is an important element which acts as an external source of deep influence on the employee behavior. The impact of culture on an individual creates a change within the organization itself. Members of the organization are coping with uncertainty and ambiguity collectively and individually based on the strategies and attitudes that have a deep influence on the culture. Culture is a collective programming of mind which distinguishes one category of people from another. The type of cultural values and importance given to these values varies from one culture to another and is deeply influenced by the historical, current socio political and ecological context. The cultural values play an important role in shaping the organizational customs and practices that in turn help in shaping the organizational culture. ... For example, the management in Volvo imparts training workshops to the employees regarding their technical skills and soft skills which are also known as â€Å"People Skills†. This workshop lays emphasis on enhancing the non technical skills, which can help in the achievement of the objectives in unification. Presently, the multinational corporations are spreading their business units across the globe for the expansion of activities and achieving economies of scale. The cultural gaps and distance between the host and home country have a significant impact on the selection process, training, development and performance management systems. Companies find the cross cultural networks to be rewarding and equally challenging. The cross cultural management is found to be equally challenging because of the potential rising conflicts which pose as barriers for the development of strategies. Moreover, multinational corporations hire employees from a diverse workforce who all wish to ach ieve the organizational goals in unification. With employees belonging to another culture training is imparted to them with a unique training curriculum that covers all the aspects required for achievement of the organizational objectives. The cross cultural management usually depends upon variables like the ethnicity and culture variations among the employees and thus a systematic approach is required for categorization of various organizational groups, teams and individual levels. Cross cultural management focuses on the difference between the diverse groups and signifies a nineteenth century anthropological perspective of the culture (Fontaine 125-135). Knowledge management approach which lays emphasis on the fact that knowledge is the most valuable asset and methods on how the management can

Middleboro Case Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Middleboro Case Questions - Assignment Example For average population of CY-10, it will be given as 126,723/8 = 15,840. With this basis, communities that grew faster or slower than the overall rate of population increase in Hillsboro County can be found by comparing individual communities to the average of 16,446 for CY-5 and 15,840 for CY-10. This information is deduced in the graph below. From the two graphs above, it can be deduced that 2 communities namely Middleboro and Jasper grew faster than the average rate for Hillsboro for both CY-5 and CY-10 because these had populations higher than the average, which the individual communities was compared with. All remaining communities namely Harris City, Statesville, Mifflenville, Carterville, Minortown, and Bolsburg grew slower than the overall rate of population growth in Hillsboro County. According to Noe and Gerhard (2007), the distribution of health facilities, services and programs must be based on the specific population need of a community so as to ensure that the doctor to patient ratio of the world health organization (WHO) can be realized. By implication, the various communities need different distribution of health interventions. To find the degree to which the age profile of Hillsboro County resemble the overall age profile demographic of the United States in CY, the percentage of age group making up the total population of citizens for the United States must be compared with that of Hillsboro County. The percentages for each age group are provided by InfoPlease (2013). But to find the percentage of each age group to the total population of Hillsboro County, these must be computed. The table below shows the computation of percentage of age group in relation to the larger or overall population of Hillsboro County From the graph above, it would be noticed that for each age profile the difference between Hillsboro County average and average for USA was not very vast. Based on this, it can be deduced that there is a

Reflection in Two Pictures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reflection in Two Pictures - Essay Example It could show his dream to visit the Avant Grade graveyard among other places. From this art work, people need to reflects about their life’s, from where they have come from, how far they have gone, different challenges they have experienced and what awaits them in the future. Peter Beard by Ray Johnson is the second image for reflection in this paper. Johnson, another seasoned artist, creates imaginative works based on what he thinks to reflect on different issues about life. Peter Beard is an exceptional art work, illustrated on board through ink wash and combined with acrylic, collage and pink, it is easy for anyone to know what the image intends to communicate. The image, shows an individual with a single idea on his mind, sees the idea in different dimensions, in this case reflected by use of different colours, and wants to use it to buy his dream car. The image show a frustrated individual, his head full and probably unable to implement the idea. This teaches us to only reflect on a single idea that we can

Moral Attitudes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Moral Attitudes - Essay Example It is the customs, religion, family believes which makes a human mind clear and earn the moral values of every thing and leads a life of good morality. If we talk about morality the first thought strikes our mind is about the bad deed like sex, drinking, stealing are not counted in good moral values however on the same end the drinking and sex is done but ethically they are not consider as a good deed doing in excess or in open places. Now this may clear the difference of morality and ethics. Morality is the reckoning of pure mind and heart to groom up the personality or the character of one but the ethics are the certainty to perform any action with respect to the laws and customs of the society one is living in. And to any of the society ethics it is unethical to impose your personal moral values on another, a quote by Jim Lichtman in his book "What Do You Stand For" In the book "Ethics: Theory and Practice", his writer Jacques P. Thiroux specifies different theories of morality like absolutism vs. relativism, freedom vs. determinism, and reward and punishment in different chapters. Absolutism is a philosophical laid value of morals that are counted as independent ruling the laws of the community universally. The reality that shows the human knowledge which is said that human is morally good because the inborn qualities were erected from the society he is born in. However this is totally erroneous according to the theory of relativism. Relativism defines that all the moral impact on the character and personality of the mankind is not due to his inborn knowledge but due to what the person is relating to. Though the relativism clearly denies the absolutism morality as psychologically it may seem so that the moral values ruling the character is in born but practically and through studies it changes with the time and situations or in simple words wi th the experiences gained in life. However, if personally speaking with the truth it is being seen that absolutism is not universal in spite relativism is. Reality is that sex is not morally good but at the same time in some other place sex is counted to be the best thing in life. Ethically doing sex in front of audience is not counted to be a good scene part but in some parts of the world parents themselves give training to their kids how to o it more properly and more enthusiastically. Same may be about the stealing and drinking. For every thing there are some rules and regulations which are to be abide, and those rules may are the ethics of that group but they can't become the absolute moral of any character always. It's a very common example that a person living in a very well known and high standard society where manner and adequate are its peak. Doing things like sex, drinking etc. in audience are counted to be unethical and immoral according to the beliefs of the people around him and even for himself as well. But at a time when his wife is no more in his life, his daughter left him due to a bad boy and run to marry him and his one and only son don't regards him and he further more lost his business, so this down fall in his life does not allow him to see another way then to take out his frustration after drinking much and much that goes out of limits. Now this wasn't something the absolute morality has to do with it but the relativism morality gets in his

Did Robert E. Lee make the correct decisions at Gettysburg or could he Essay

Did Robert E. Lee make the correct decisions at Gettysburg or could he have employed a different strategy - Essay Example The war involved about 170,000 men. Upon losing the battle, the General led the remaining group back to Virginia, in the process bringing the war to a halt and concluded by sealing the Union victory. Despite the defeat, Lee’s still believes they would have won the battle if only they were united. He makes this clear through his letter to the President of the Confederate States, â€Å"†¦.we must expect reverses, even defeats. They are send to teach us wisdom and prudence, to call forth greater energies and to prevent falling into greater disasters. Our people only have to be true and united, to bear manfully the misfortune incident to war, and all will come right in the end.† (General Robert, 8th August, 1863). The losing of the battle at Gettysburg had nothing concerning the decisions he made but instead, it was enabled by the failure of the subordinates not only failing to follow his directives but also acting contrary to them. This is seen when the Cavalry, Generals Ewell and Longstreet end up failing General Lee by failing to act in unison with him. Much about these is as discussed in the successive paragraphs. For a number of weeks, General Lee had not received any feedback from his cavalry. This posed a challenge since the General went ahead to make decisions without having much knowledge on the magnitude and strength of the enemy. This, in other words, shows how the subordinates (Cavalry) contributed in the defeat of General Lee’s Army. General Lee knew the importance a good standing ground as far the winning of any battle is concerned. He figured out a large hill which was referred to as Little Round Top. He ordered one of General Ewell, who he trusted as a Division Commander to go take the hill but instead, the commander let him down. The hill was only having about 1,000 Union soldiers (James, 36), a far much smaller number as compared to the group that was under Ewell (over 20,000 men). This depicts how easy it would have been

Business law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Business law - Essay Example The intention of the parties is judged objectively by the judges. The court has to ask whether, in any given circumstances, a logical person would regard the agreement between the parties as whether it intended to bid them. The test is usually an objective one and the judges in the court mainly rely on assumptions in order to assist them in ascertaining whether the parties intended to be legally bound by the agreement. Where the agreement is made between the buyer and the seller, the court automatically presumes that the parties intended to be legally bound by the law by the agreement that they make. In the case Balfour v Balfour [1919] 2 KB 571, Mr. Balfour worked with the government as civil engineer. At that time, he was living with his wife. During Mr. Balfour’s leave in 1915, his wife got rheumatic arthritis when they were still in England. Her doctor insisted that she had to be left behind since she would be affected by the change of climate. As her husband was leaving, he promised to send to her 30 pounds a month until she joined him. Later, the husband said that they better live apart the way they were when she was sick. The wife sued him so that she can still be getting the 30 pounds. The court ruled that in this case, there was no enforceable agreement between the two parties. This was though even if the depth of reasoning of the two parties differed. In the case Henthorn v Fraser [1892] 2 Ch 27, the claimant had received a note from the defendant, where the defendant had offered to purchase a certain property within 14 days. The claimant responded promptly where he sent the defendant an acceptance through the email the day that followed in order to accept the offer. Before the defendant had received the acceptance from the claimant, he withdrew the offer. This was after the claimant had posted the acceptance. When the claimant sued the defendant, the court of appeal ruled that the claimant was entitled to specific performance from the defendan t. This was so because a contract becomes bidding when the acceptance is posted within the given duration of time. When an agreement is reached in a business or commercial context, the court automatically assumes that the parties to the case intended to be legally bound at the time they were making the agreement. Apply the law to the facts of the question in a detailed and logical manner As an agreement only becomes legally enforceable when the parties in the case intend to be legally bound at the time they were making the agreement, a judge has to conduct an objective assessment of the circumstances in which Sally, Peter and Burt made the agreement. The question in this case is whether under any circumstances, a logical person would regard the sale agreement as intended to be binding. The parties in this case are no friends but business people that is, a buyer and a seller. There are sufficient facts in this case to indicate that the sale agreement was in a commercial or business c ontext. Given that the parties are not friends but business partners, the court will assume that the parties involved, Peter, Sally and Burt intend to be legally bound by the time they were making the agreement. In order to enforce the sale agreement, Sally has to prove with additional facts to the presumption

Political Philosophy and National Integration Essay Example for Free

Political Philosophy and National Integration Essay 1. Central Quotation â€Å"National integration is partly a by-product of other social and economic developments, partly the result of deliberate government policies.† (Birch, 36) 2. Argument In this text Birch gives a historical overview of national integration process. He discusses different attitudes towards assimilation of minorities that existed in North America and Europe. Before 1960s that it was current believe that national integration could be challenged by the existence of different ethnic groups within the borders of the country and assimilation was desirable. After 1960 however, this attitudes has changed in favour of social pluralism. Birch also presents patterns, which describes common practices of national integration. 3. Question The question raised in this text is â€Å"Whether the process of national integration must be accompanied by wholly or partial assimilation of minorities?† Birch describes both negative and positive effects, which social, economic and political integration of minor ethnic and cultural groups could have on building a sense of nationhood. His argumentation is based on contradictory assertions. One argument is in favour of social homogeneity i.e. stresses the importance of common language and feeling of unity among people for development of democratic institutions. In the same time author mention several scientific works that question the assumption that further integration is required for establishment of representative democracy. 4. Experiential Connection Even thou I grew up in Sweden, I have a lot of friends with different ethnic origin who lives there, mostly 1st or 2nd generation immigrants. All of them had a chance, upon their own will to learn Swedish free of charge as soon as they arrived. That was the part of integration programme established by government in order to facilitate immigration process. That makes it easier for immigrants to interact with local citizens, get the jobs and thus contribute to social, political and economic development of the country. 5. Textual Connection. Birch’s argumentation is quite similar to Will Kymlicka’sagrument in the text â€Å"Western political theory and ethnic relations in eastern Europe†. As well as Birch, Kymlicka stresses that attitudes toward ethnic minorities among democratic liberals in West had changed since 1960 and multiculturalism become more acceptable (Kymlicka, s. 33). Kymlicka focuses on different ethnic groups and describes assimilation attempts made by governments towards these groups. He also emphasizes the importance of different governmental policies that determines integration process (Kymlicka, s. 42). 6. Implications. This text analyses the different ways in which minor groups can be merged into national societies and poses the question of whether national integration is a positive or a negative process. This question must be answered by citizens and representative governments in every country before there will be taken any further action toward national integration or disintegration. I think government have to consider prior experience of integration of minorities in different countries to choose appropriated policies for the particular county. This can be done throughout case studies and with help of patterns of integration drawn up by theorists and scientists.

Department of Justice Essay Example for Free

Department of Justice Essay There seems to be major issue in the case of United States v. Viktor Kozenzy. The specific legal question is whether Viktor Kozenzy, Frederic Bourke, Jr, and David Pinkerton had conspiracy to violate the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the Travel Act. There are many facts that support this claim. Viktor Kozenzy, Federic Bourke Jr. and David Pinkerton paid and also caused to be paid bribes to Azeri Officials. They all became shareholders of Oily Rock. Oily Rock invested in Azeri privatization vouchers. They also became part of Minaret as well. Mineret was a party to the co-investment agreement between Oily Rock and the co-investors. There seems to be lots of more facts in this case. The defendants made many corrupt payments, promises, and offers to Senior officials of the Government of Azerbaijan. They all seemed to have conspiracy to bribe and there are evidence of wire transfers and direct cash payments. They also promised two-thirds of the profits of Oily-Rock and receive two-thirds of Oily Rock vouchers. There are was also much jewelry exchanged in excess of $600,000 to Azeri officials. The source of my facts came from Justice.gov, it is the official United States Department of Justice’s website. It is very credible and accurate. There seems to be relevant laws and regulations such as Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and Travel Act. The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act made it unlawful to bribe officials. It was passed in 1977. I believe that the court reached the decision by the substantial evidence. There were documented evidence that shows the money laundering, stock options, and wire transfer to foreign officials. I think that the court was correct that the defendant did indeed conspire to violate the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the Travel Act. This situation could be easily avoided if the government officials had personal watching over them or checking the bank accounts. Many of the officials should be watched closely after and monitored. Works Cited The United States Deparment of Justice. Retrieved from http://www.justice.gov/criminal/fraud/fcpa/cases/kozenyv.html

The Overemphasis On Physical Appearance Sociology Essay

The Overemphasis On Physical Appearance Sociology Essay In what way can it be argued that an overemphasis on ones physical appearance alienates individuals from themselves? Is the body part of the self or separate from the self? To answer this question, first of all it is necessary to understand what physical appearance means for individuality, and how it influences on persons self-image and self-perception. Persons appearance is a meaning of his identity.  Appearance is a expression of self-appraisal of person in overall positive or a negative attitude.  When self-appraisal is independent and autonomous, it does not dependent on external evaluations.  But in most cases the person tries by the appearance to attract the attention of surrounding people, and show his inner world, the mood and character.   Through the appearance person reveals his identity to a particular social class, individual lifestyle with his characteristic values, and, last but not least, interacts with various aspects of the social environment and changes them.  A person can achieve his goals by manipulating the impression he makes on other people. That is, appearance is a continuation of humans inner world, so the body can not be separated from the spiritual and emotional side. 2. Several of the classical theorists believed that much of modern life has become objectified and rationalized. In addition to the areas of the body, celebrity, and medicine, in what other areas has modern life become objectified and rationalized? Comparing the situation in contemporary culture and society that was a hundred years ago, many critics and theorists say that it has become objectified and rationalized. First of all this process is connected with the globalization, that has brought certain standards in the world. Globalization has led to fundamental changes in the relationship between folk, elite and mass culture, it lowered the status of the culture as it was before.  At the same time it brought mass culture, turning it into a leading element of a cultural system of post-industrial society.  The mass culture is like a substitute designed to meet the lowbrow tastes of poorly educated population. 3. Is it possible to effectively untie the rational and irrational, mental and emotional dimensions of life to create a more humane society? Why or why not? Should social theorists even be concerned about such an issue? Rationality one of the most important concepts of philosophy, sociology and psychology. The characteristic of our time is a neglect of rationality, that is mainly due to the uncertainty in the use of this notion.  What is rational and what is irrational? Rationality, like morality, is essential characteristic of behavior.  It is important to distinguish between the rational and irrational behavior.  An important feature of the actions that is called irrational or rationally forbidden (rationally prohibited), is that virtually no one would support people to commit these acts, on the contrary, they would have tried to convince not to do so.  To call something rational or rationally acceptable does not mean to endorse all of this, in these words there is only one modal nuance of lack of conviction. Many people want to draw a clear line between facts and values, rational and irrational.  If you get rid of the irrational motives, it means the mental control of reason over the behavior, which requires adherence to specific actions, conditions, programs, limiting the freedom of thought.  However, the above indicates that such a clear distinction is impossible, because rationality is in some way a subjective judgment. 4. What are the long-term implications of the open sale of human organs for social unity and divisiveness in the United States? The problem of sale of human organs is a matter of division of society into two views for and against.  Also, this issue has two problems: A rapid withdrawal of transplantation at the level of mass practice; An equally rapid growth of the declarations and documents of ethics adopted by professional associations, regulations and new laws, which develops and offers modern law and adopt modern nations of Europe and America, Asia and Africa. Modern transplant did not create utopian concepts, but wants to reach the level of ethical rules and standards of sale of human organs.  They see a direct connection between the progressive development of transplantation and overcoming of social psychological barrier in the form of traditional religious culture, with its system of rituals and attitudes towards death.  They believe that the success of transplantation is possible only in conditions of developed and prepared public opinion, that shall have absolute humanistic values across the range of practices of organ transplantation. Changing spiritual situation in the society, the democratization of social consciousness, which centered on the idea of human rights, led to a change in measures of responsibility for human life.  The increase in moral pluralism, the need for ethical and legal controls on the experimental research, medicalization of life, the globalization of bioethical issues all this makes urgent the task of fu rther development of the social problems of bioethics, which includes the issue of trade of human organs. 5. What are the most insightful or useful measures of class position? Why? How does inequality on each of these measures affect the lives of individuals? The recent trend in democratic industrialized countries of the world is increasing social mobility, that improve the status to representatives of every individual groups in society combined with the persistence of their unequal socio-economic position.  Subordination of the major social groups, their division into superior and inferior position reflects the concept of social class. Social classes are usually distinguished from other on the basis of their economic situation, the stability of the social situation of their representatives, difficulty of social mobility, the transition from the lowest class in the highest, as well as the multiplicity of their representatives.  All this makes them significant and sometimes define the measures of class position. Most measures of class position are aimed at influencing the process of social inequality and convergence status positions of the general population of industrialized countries, because the formation of the middle class does not negate the existence of traditional class position and the stratification of differences. (Delaney, 2003) 6. What evidence is there to assess the adequacy and/or inadequacy of Marxs predications about the relationship between workers and larger employers? Many of the ideas on social inequalities derived from the Marxist theory of stratification and class.  The mode of production determines the economic organization of each formation.  Marx believed the economic organization of the main aspect of society.  It includes a technology division of labor and, most importantly, a relationship formed between people in the production system.  These relationships play a key role in the Marxist concept of class.   Marx argued that in any type of economic organization is the ruling class, which owns the means of production (factories, raw materials, etc.) and provides control over them.  Due to the economic power of the ruling class decides the fate of those who are working for him.  (Berberoglu, 2005) Marx thought that workers would see that they were exploited this would lead to a deep, inescapable conflict between workers and owners.  Marx predicted that with the development of capitalism, the bourgeoisie would become richer, and the proletariat poorer.  The conflict would intensify, and in the end the workers would make a revolution, the revolution would be worldwide, leading to the overthrow of capitalism and the transition to socialism.   Marxs prediction was wrong: capitalism has not led to results that he expected.  First of all, government and the capitalists themselves began to pay more attention to the needs and demands of the workers due to political pressure and through the system of collective bargaining: now workers in the U.S. have high salaries and bonuses, in addition, they receive unemployment benefits. 7. What parallels exists in the ideologies used to maintain different racial and gender categories as separate status groups? What is your position on Durkheims prediction that the use of race and gender for positioning individuals in occupations will be eliminated someday? One of the earliest explanations of inequality due to gender or race was proposed by Emile Durkheim.  In the paper On the division of social labor (1893) Durkheim concluded that in all societies, some activities are considered more important than others.  In a society highly valued the achievement of religious salvation, that was characteristic of Puritans in colonial times.  Another company may consider the social value of material wealth.  All the functions of society law, religion, family, work, etc.  can form a hierarchy according to how highly they are valued. This view is expressed by Durkheim in his famous remark:   When I realize my duty brother, husband or a citizen, then I perform the obligations prescribed by law and custom and which are external to me and my actionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Similarly, a believer from birth detects in the ready-made form of beliefs and practices of religious life  and, if they existed before him. Therefore, they exist outside of it. The system of symbols that I use. aphid expression, monetary system, which I use for payment of debts, credit facilities, which I use in their commercial activities, procedures  which I follow because of their profession all these and similar things operate, regardless of my usage. In turn, if we turn to each member of society, then those comments are true for each of them. (Durkheim, 1964) I dont agree with his position, because society is a set of multiple identities?  If we study a certain group, we see not a collective entity, but only a group of individuals interacting with each other in different ways. 8. Discuss the common threads in the arguments on inequality found in each of the classical theorists. On what do they agree of disagree? In contemporary Western, especially American, sociology, social scientists hold several opposing views on inequality.  At the heart of the functionalist theories is the idea that some activities the society considers it more important than others.  Proponents of these theories, inequality is a means of ensuring public confidence in the fact that such activities, carried out the most qualified individuals.   Supporters of Conflictological theories suggest that inequality is due to more favorable position of those who control the social wealth.  Their views are based on the theory of classes and social stratification, designed by Karl Marx.  According to this theory, the economic system of any society creates two main classes, one of which operates or controls the other.  (Berberoglu, 2005) In the concept of stratification, Weber identifies three factors: wealth, prestige and power.  These factors are often but not always interact.  The theory of stratification based on the criteria Warner reputation of people within the community.  According to this theory, belong to a particular social class is determined by the members of the community.  (Berberoglu, 2005) In the functional approach we can point out the theory of middle class (or the new middle) class ( Aron, Daniel Bell and others).  Theories of the middle class were a reflection of the quantitative growth of the officials, intellectuals, managers, enhancing social protection and education of workers and several other groups, as well as the convergence of income, consumption and lifestyles of the general population.  According to followers of the theory of the middle class, this process led to the elimination of traditional class distinctions between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat and the social formation of a new social groups, encompassing and unifying value pain majority of the population of industrialized countries its the middle class is.  This includes individuals who possessing family income, education, prestige role in life, lifestyle and identify themselves with this group of society.     According to exit polls, in Western countries for more than half the population (70-80%) identify themselves as middle class.  Formation of the middle class society provides a high level of social homogeneity, smooths or even eliminate class conflicts, helps to reconcile the positions of parties, trade unions, etc.  (Berberoglu, 2005)

Education Reinforces the Race Disparity in Adventures of Huckleberry Fi

â€Å"Education is a dependent, inter-acting unit of the whole culture. Indeed, it lies at the heart of the culture, and necessarily reflects the contending values which there prevail,† writes Doxey A. Wilkerson, the associate professor of education at the Yeshiva University of New York, in the foreword for Carter Woodson’s The Education of the Negro Prior to 1861. Education, as posited by Wilkerson, represents a cultural construct, liable to change as people change, rather than a historical absolute, constant over time. The community determines the value, and the accessibility of this institution of knowledge. The communities created in Mark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and Langston Hughes’ Not Without Laughter also establish the importance of education. Huckleberry Finn, the white male adolescent protagonist of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, and Sandy Rogers, the black male adolescent protagonist of Not Without Laughter, both question the necessity of formal education. However, in the end, Huck, advantaged because he is a white male, successfully abandons, unequivocally, all constraints of society, including education, while Sandy turns to formal education, attempting to use it as an equalizer against racial discrimination. The novels, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and Not Without Laughter, reinforce the racial disparity between whites and blacks by creating communities that undermine the value of education, and determine each race’s ability to succeed without formal education. In each of the novels, the communities established by Twain and Hughes, define the characteristics prevalent in their societies. Huck Finn’s river community, for example, encompasses the aristocracy, the poor whites, the pseudo-intellectuals, an... ... and accessibility of this institution of knowledge through their status as prescribers and models for their society. The black race, on the other hand, requires extensive formal education to succeed in a world ruled by the white race. Huck Finn and Sandy Rogers embody the aspirations and beliefs of the race they identify with and compound the racial tensions through their experiences. Works Cited Hughes, Langston. Not Without Laughter. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 2007. Print. Pollak, Louis H. "Race, Law & History: the Supreme Court from "Dred Scott" to "Grutter v. Bollinger"" Daedalus 134.1 (2005): 35-41. Print. Twain, Mark. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. New York, N.Y.: Barnes & Noble, 2003. Print. Wilkerson, Doxey A. Foreword. The Education of the Negro Prior to 1861. By Carter Godwin Woodson. New York, NY: Arno, 1968. Not Numbered. Print.

Review of Cyprus Economy Essay examples -- essays research papers

REVIEW OF CYPRUS ECONOMY Cyprus is a small, services oriented (services account for approximately 76% of GDP) free market economy with a record of successful economic performance – Rapid growth, full employment conditions, low inflation & external and internal stability. In terms of per capita income, currently estimated at US $ 18,500, Cyprus is classified among the high income countries. It has good business and financial services, modern telecommunications, an educated labor force and a sound legal system. Cyprus' geographical location, tax incentives, and modern infrastructure also make it a natural hub for companies looking to do business with the Middle East, Europe, the former Soviet Union and North Africa. Cyprus’ entry into the EU in May 2004 marked the crowning point of protracted efforts over the years of its most important political and economic policy objective. As regards the economy, the harmonization process has transformed the whole economic structure of Cyprus and full accession is expected to bring a number of positive results. At the same time, EU membership is a challenge to the business community to strive for increased competitiveness and the upgrading of quality of products & services. Economic growth in 2003 remained at the same levels as the previous year with the economy growing by 2% in real terms, mainly due to the containment of tourist demand. The low rate of economic growth for a second year in a row was reflected in the labour marke...

Bombs :: essays research papers fc

A bomb is a container filled with an explosive, incendiary matter, or gas that can be dropped, hurled, or set in place to be detonated by an attached exploding device. It may range in design from a homemade device used by terrorists, assassins, or clandestine raiders to a sophisticated weapon of war. The original bomb, an ancestor of the hand-thrown GRENADE, was a simple container filled with black powder (see GUNPOWDER), which was set off by a fuse lit by the thrower. In the 16th century, the Dutch invented a more sophisticated version, the MORTAR bomb, a round iron container filled with black powder that was set off when a fuse was ignited by the detonation of a propelling charge in the base of the mortar tube. By varying the length of the fuse, the bomb's time of detonation could be adjusted; thus, a bomb could burst in air. These bombs were predecessors of the ARTILLERY shell fired from a field gun with rifled bore. In the 20th century the aerial bomb became the most important adaptation of the weapon. Its construction is similar to that of the artillery shell. The conventional aerial bomb consists of an explosive or chemical agent in a container, one or several fuse-and-igniter mechanisms, and external fins for directional stability. Bombs dropped from high-performance aircraft have an advanced aerodynamic shape. The ultimate category of bomb is that utilizing nuclear material as the explosive ingredients--the ATOMIC BOMB, HYDROGEN BOMB, and the NEUTRON BOMB. 20th-Century Military Use The advent of the airplane in warfare led to the development of new types of bombs. The first massive aerial bombing took place in 1915 when German zeppelins carrying more than two tons of bombs began dropping "terror from the skies" on the British Isles. In the early stages of World War I, airplane pilots had their hands full just flying, and bombing was relegated to observers who merely tossed small bombs over the side. Aircraft engineering advanced, however, so that by 1918 multiengine bombers had become a reality and 450-kg (1,000-lb) bombs were in production. The next major step in the development of aerial bombing took place on July 21, 1921. Gen. Billy MITCHELL, a champion of military airpower, was finally allowed to test his theory that aircraft carrying bombs could sink major naval units, a theory that naval officials had considered ridiculous. On that date, in the first of three such demonstrations, the captured German dreadnought Ostfriesland was sunk in minutes by U.S. Army Air Corps bombers dropping 900-kg (2,000-lb) bombs. Warfare had been revolutionized; seapower was in jeopardy. During World War II, aerial bombardment was perfected. Massive raids, first by Germany and then by the Allies, demonstrated the devastating power of the conventional aerial bomb. Bombs :: essays research papers fc A bomb is a container filled with an explosive, incendiary matter, or gas that can be dropped, hurled, or set in place to be detonated by an attached exploding device. It may range in design from a homemade device used by terrorists, assassins, or clandestine raiders to a sophisticated weapon of war. The original bomb, an ancestor of the hand-thrown GRENADE, was a simple container filled with black powder (see GUNPOWDER), which was set off by a fuse lit by the thrower. In the 16th century, the Dutch invented a more sophisticated version, the MORTAR bomb, a round iron container filled with black powder that was set off when a fuse was ignited by the detonation of a propelling charge in the base of the mortar tube. By varying the length of the fuse, the bomb's time of detonation could be adjusted; thus, a bomb could burst in air. These bombs were predecessors of the ARTILLERY shell fired from a field gun with rifled bore. In the 20th century the aerial bomb became the most important adaptation of the weapon. Its construction is similar to that of the artillery shell. The conventional aerial bomb consists of an explosive or chemical agent in a container, one or several fuse-and-igniter mechanisms, and external fins for directional stability. Bombs dropped from high-performance aircraft have an advanced aerodynamic shape. The ultimate category of bomb is that utilizing nuclear material as the explosive ingredients--the ATOMIC BOMB, HYDROGEN BOMB, and the NEUTRON BOMB. 20th-Century Military Use The advent of the airplane in warfare led to the development of new types of bombs. The first massive aerial bombing took place in 1915 when German zeppelins carrying more than two tons of bombs began dropping "terror from the skies" on the British Isles. In the early stages of World War I, airplane pilots had their hands full just flying, and bombing was relegated to observers who merely tossed small bombs over the side. Aircraft engineering advanced, however, so that by 1918 multiengine bombers had become a reality and 450-kg (1,000-lb) bombs were in production. The next major step in the development of aerial bombing took place on July 21, 1921. Gen. Billy MITCHELL, a champion of military airpower, was finally allowed to test his theory that aircraft carrying bombs could sink major naval units, a theory that naval officials had considered ridiculous. On that date, in the first of three such demonstrations, the captured German dreadnought Ostfriesland was sunk in minutes by U.S. Army Air Corps bombers dropping 900-kg (2,000-lb) bombs. Warfare had been revolutionized; seapower was in jeopardy. During World War II, aerial bombardment was perfected. Massive raids, first by Germany and then by the Allies, demonstrated the devastating power of the conventional aerial bomb.

Black American Music History Essay

First of all, there is many different types of African American music but im going to talk about three in particular which are slave spirituals, blues, and the more common rap/hip-hop. First slave spirituals is a type of religious song originating among black slaves in the American south. It was famous for the reason that the lyrics of negro spirituals were tightly linked with the lives of their authors†¦. slaves! While work songs only dealt with their daily life, spirituals were inspired by the message of Jesus Christ and his Good News (Gospel) of the Bible, â€Å"You can be saved†! They are different from hymns and psalms, because they were a way of sharing the hard condition of being a slave. Another type of music there is are the blues. Blues is a type of folk song devised by Black Americans at the beginning of the 20th century. Blues was so important to the African Slaves because it was a sort of code, how they told stories that had things to do with their owner and everyday life. Lastly is the most common now in time some people know it as rap others as hip hop but it is the style and fashion of African American music. Hip hop is important to African American culture because it originated from it all started when blues and jazz crossed over and musicians started making beats which were call bebop. (Well maybe not the kids but the adults call it that). All music we know today it was all based on African American music many people do not know the importance of music was to the slaves some say it was the only thing that gave them hope. Why is music important to our culture? There is no objective answer to this question. The importance of music is different in every individual’s life. It inspires people and allows us to get in touch with our emotions in a way that is unique. For those amongst us who find it difficult to express ourselves, music can evoke reactions. Your mood can change from dark and depressed to elated and delirious happiness with just the selection of the right track and a hit of the play button. Music works wonders on creating a certain atmosphere. You can use music to liven up a boring party or to create a romantic ambiance. Music is important to all of us and some fail to realize the importance music is to the history of everybody not just one race but to everybody. Who knew music was so important from rock to classical music is all around us. In Conclusion, did Elvis Presley steal African American music and is Eminem doing the same? There has been people that believe that Elvis stole black music. But, there have been other people that say that he was inspired but black music but never stole it. There has also been rumors about Eminem is stealing black music. But he mentioned in interview that rapping isn’t meant just for one race is for everybody. Ha ha, and he’s basically right! Music it lives in all of us.

Industrialisation and Identity Essay

In 1889 dinero had the peculiar qualifications of egress which marque such adventuresome pilgrimages wholly the sameing on the part of young girls plausible. Its numerous and growing commercial opportunities gave it widespread fame, which made of it a giant magnet, drawing to itself, from each quarters, the intrustful and the hopeless those who had their quite a well-lightedtle yet to make and those whose fortunes and affairs had reached a opprobrious climax elsewhere. (Dreiser 15f) At the free rein of the nineteenth century, the industrial enterprise brought closely tremendous salmagundi in the US.With institutions and guiles like the travel engine, railroads, electri urban center, teleph bingles and electrifying, the social system of American ordering shifted and evolved. People from the sylvan parts started flocking to the big cities in hopes of finding mold and a better purport, a fantasy some chased in vain. The jockstrap in Theodore Dreisers nov el babe Carrie, 18-year old country girl Carrie Meeber, is whizness of the hopeful she leaves her hometown to find happiness and succeeder in the big metropolis of Chicago.At start-off, she stays with relatives and experiences the miser adapted, tiresome day-to-day cope of the laddering middle-class of job-hunting and then catchy menial labour in a factory. However, she currently grows tired of her situation. She lets herself be spellbind by the wealth displayed by early(a)s, which some(prenominal) intimidates her and fills her with an insaticapable longing for m iodiny and status. With this proclivity growing in her heart, she is leaveing to make all the sacrifices to achieve her goal, leaving her safe, precisely un evoke home to live with Charles Drouet, a man whom she b arly knows, but who offers her a comfortable modus vivendi.Nevertheless, Carrie still is not satisfied, so she leaves him for the wealthier George Hurstwood and continues to search for a centering to advantage and happiness by obtaining status and commodities, losing herself in the process. In his novel Sister Carrie, Theodore Dreiser illustrates how the industrialisation did not only change the body structure of American society at the turn of the 19th century, but to a fault take hold a deep impact on the con matinger culture and individual consumer behaviour of the American middle-class, marking the beginning of the impossible sp be- season activity of struggling to create ones identity through inlet.The Industrialisation The inventions and innovations of the industrialisation brought ab break great change for American society and peoples mundane lives. Roughly in the beginning 1750, even though the Americans with their steadily advancing frontier were a very progress-oriented people, the general expectation was to authorise in a world not much different to the one one was born in. ( bounce back 53) However, during and after the industrialisation, the increased sch ooling of ground-breaking bracing technology did not only affect the economy, but also the sort people viewed the world.The inventions of the steam engine and galvanizingity, the refreshful delegacys of change of location and communion all everyplace long distances and new forms of retail created new employment and consumption possibilities (Cross 53), allowing a much and more comfortable and luxurious lifestyle in the cities for the upper-class and those middle-class citizens who were able to afford to keep up with the up-to-the-minute trends and fashions. The steam engine is said to be the substitution invention of the industrialisation stop consonant from the eighteenth to the 20th century, as it excite as many technological advances as no other invention before it.Invented in Britain at the beginning of the 18th century, Gary Cross explains it took quite some time until was imported, adapted and improved by the Americans to meet their needs. In the 18th century, h e reasons, thither was no need for an alternative root system of muscularity, as vast forests, coal deposits and water energy were available. In the 19th century, however, this absent-minded attitude towards the steam engine changed essentially and its potential as an energy mention for manufacturing was exploited. Cross 84) By 1830, only about five per cent of the American factories employ steam power by 1900, it was over 80 per cent. (Cross 93) Steam also fix its uses in the non-industrial sector as central heating for buildings. In Sister Carrie, Carrie delights in her current New York apartment supplied with steam heating and a bath with hot and insentient water (307). In addition to that, the steam engine was applied in the atomic number 18a of pleaseation as energy ascendent for street cars, steam boats, and locomotives.The railroad had a tremendous effect on both the American economy and society in the 19th century. Daniel W. Howe mentions three main consequence s of the railroad (among many others) Firstly, it sped up the process of urbanization by connecting rural areas to the big cities. (Howe 565) For example, Chicago, one of the main scoretings of Sister Carrie, evolved from a resolution of less than 100 inhabitants in 1830 to a city of 30,000 in 1850, which would have been suddenly inc at onceivable without the railroad. (Howe 567) In 1889, the time the account of the novel sets in, its population is greater than 50,000 (16). Secondly, allowing the effective transport of commodities across the country by before longening waiting times and slip costs, the railroad not only lead to a tremendous change in trading business, but also provided the motivator for technological advancement in nerve production as well as in the faculty and safety of look ats and tracks, pose the groundwork for further innovation of methods of transport latelyr in history. Howe 566)Finally, as a comparatively convenient and affordable way of trave lling, railroads also provided the opportunity for long distance trips and vacations in further- outdoor(a) places even for the American middle-class. (Howe 565) There are two reasons for taking the train in Sister Carrie for business purposes, and with the intent of base to another city. Interestingly, there are no actual vacations taking place in the novel precisely plans of travel are mentioned, in the main overseas trips to Europe (142357). Of far more interest are Drouet and his uncertain feelings about business travel.He undoubtedly enjoys meeting and flirting with the ladies he meets on the road. He has no reservations of striking up a chat with Carrie on her first train journey from her hometown to Chicago, who (unsurprisingly) is very affect by Drouet and his knowledge of the various places he has visited on business. (4ff) Drouet is a drummer, a travelling salesman, a job requiring the railway for debased long-distance travel. For him, train journeys hold no deep meaning they are only a necessary part of his work.In a short flirtation with a chambermaid, he reveals that he travels far, but does not care for travelling all that much, explaining, You demoralise tired of it after awhile. (200) The same trip, merely a boring relapse of a business trip for Drouet, is a life-altering, exciting journey for Carrie. Never having travelled before, she is assure by the thought that home will never be far away since the cities were trap more closely by these very trains which came up daily (3). The railroad shortened travel times drastically. slice it took five weeks to travel from Chicago over the Appalachians to New York in 1790, seventy eld later the distance could be cover in merely two days. (Cross 104) Originally, Carrie drifts from the countryside to the city because she is in need of work however, her expectations for her time to cause are far more ambitious. Her hopes of fortune and fame she projects on this onrushing train, which was merely step on it to get there. (3) The second and by far most dramatic journey in Sister Carrie, however, is the elopement of Carrie and Hurstwood.Having stolen a large sum of money from his employers, he tricks Carrie into leaving Chicago with him on a train leap out for Detroit, from where they continue to Montreal, Canada. Again, all hope is set on the train as the (only) way to a better future. In this plate it is Hurstwood, who in his desperation loses all eloquence, who considers the only possible future as a thing which concerns the Canadian line. (275) Making the train his lifeline, he hopes to cross the border as soon as possible, since a encompassing he will be safe from the levelheaded repercussions of his crime.Hurstwood manages to persuade Carrie to stay with him, but since life in Montreal does not specifym worthy to either of them, they soon decide to move on to New York, again with the hope of a promising future awaiting them once they get off the train. Th e invention of the cable revolutionised long-distance communication thoroughly, possibly even more so than the railroad did long-distance transportation. Professor Samuel Finley Breese Morse and his team were the first to develop a commercially executable kind of electric telegraph in America by 1848, the system of wires reached Chicago. Howe 695) look and experiments led to Thomas Edison finding a way of sending messages back and forwards over one wire at the same time in the 1870s and to his invention of the phonograph, with which messages could be recorded. (Cross 176)Unlike the peal, which was invented by horse parsley Graham Bell in 1876 and was chiefly used for social purposes (Cross 181), the telegraph was mostly used for commercial purposes and information transmission. It also found its use in communication on the railroad, improving the safety and efficiency of trains. Cross 102) In Sister Carrie, the telegraph and even the telephone have short appearances at crucial points in the story, both concerning Hurstwoods crime and dramatic escape. culmination across a famous medicate store with one of the first surreptitious telephone booths ever erected (271), Hurstwood phones the train place to obtain information regarding the train times, as he wishes to leave as soon as possible. Opposed to the novelty of the telephone so explicitly stressed by Dreiser, the already well-established telegraph is casually incorporate in the story.On the train bound for Detroit, Hurstwood worries that the afternoon papers might already cover his theft and wonders what telegraphs might come (282), indicating his fear of not being able to escape fast enough. The telegraph was a useful tool for the police to engineer searches and catching criminals before they were beyond reach, manifestly leading to a few thriving arrests. (288) Once in Canada, Hurstwood anxiously checks the newspaper, and, among the riff-raff of the telegraphed murders, accidents, marriages an d other news items from out the length and width of the land (297), he discovers a dainty notice of his own crime.Because he cannot see himself staying abroad, he tries to negotiate with his former employers the return of the money and a possible rehiring, the latter(prenominal) of which obviously eliciting a much colder solvent than the firstalso via telegraph. (302) Electricity was one huge step towards a modern economy and society. At first primarily used to replace gas lighting, its uses spread out rapidly with every new innovation and improvement of existing technology as mentioned, the telegraph and telephone depended on electric energy, and the electronic signal for the railway introduced in 1872 greatly improved the safety of trains. Cross 102)However, in the first years, electricity was primarily used to making America a brighter placein the literal sense. (Cross 157) glisteringer and spick-and-span than gas lighting, the electric light lightbulb invented by Thomas Ed ison in 1879 piecemeal took over homes, offices, and city streets. (Cross 158) In the late 1880s, steam-powered street cars in many cities were replaced by electric ones, as they were a faster alternative to get the workers from their homes to their work places and back.They were also less expensive, and the inevitable taint was concentrated in the area the energy was generated and not spread throughout the city electric streetcars did, however, increase noise pollution. (Cross 159 168) unaccented is the element creating the most obvious attribute between places of luxury and places of suffering in Sister Carrie The former are all bathed in light, while the latter are cast in shadow or are dimly lit at best. For example, the shoe factory Carrie works in in the beginning is xtremely poorly lit (36f), while the department stores as temples of consumption and the streets as their runways are practically lucent (30).As their financial situation in New York becomes irreversibly dire , Hurstwood one day finds Carrie reading, quite alone. It was rather dark in the flat, shut in as it was. (358) Bright lights, on the other hand, are bulky in places Carrie enjoys being she quite literally experiences the bright side of life when she dines out with friends at Sherrys, a very normal and expensive restaurant the high society of New York likes to dine at.She marvels at the clarified dining chamber, all decorated and aglow, where the pissed ate, with its incandescent lights, the reflection of their glow in polished glasses, and the shine of gilt upon the walls . On the ceilings were colored traceries with more gilt, leading to a centre where spread a broad circle of lightincandescent globes mingled with seem prisms and stucco tendrils of gilt.

Girl Postitive Essay

The cinema Girl Positive is some, Rachel, a teenage girl Rachel in high tame that has come in contact with the malady human immunodeficiency virus. The movie shows how people in her high tutor draw the disease. They also stereotype it, verbalise only sprightly people can get. They are quickly proven wrong though. A recent writing model up on the condition website shows that the unity athlete that graduated before them was doing heroin. He had just died in a car accident and they represent it in his system and in his car. Everybody was completely shocked.After the report came out Rachel received a message that told her that this star athlete, Jason, had HIV. They were concerned about her well-being and asked if she also had the disease because she had lost her virginity to him at a party. Rachel became close with a new teacher at the school who conveniently worked at an support clinic too. She asked to do some community of interests service down there for extra credit. charm Rachel was there she snuck a HIV test and took it. subsequently on, the results came back positive and the teacher was trying to armed service her out yet Rachel didnt want to listen.She was frightened and didnt want anyone to come. Rachel tried telling her boyfriend, but he didnt understand. The rumors started in her school about her having it and her life felt like it was falling apart. that then Mark, Jasons br early(a), came to Rachel with a video admitting that Jason was HIV positive. They decided the school needed to know. When they all found out, almost the entire senior class went to this AIDS clinic and were getting tested. Rachel and her mom stood by each others side and got blood test through with(p) to know for sure.The movie ended with the doctor saying she was positive which I think was a real disappointing ending. I thought this movie was authentically good. It shows that people really do not know about this awful disease. They think it will deplete t hem instantly, but really wont if they latch on the right meds. I also think its very insightful. Although a lot of the scenes in the school were off because personally that wasnt like my school at all. I think this is a really good movie to shows because it gives a lot of facts on HIV that I didnt know and Im sure many other teenagers presumet know either.

Marginalization of people according to Luke’s gospel Essay

To marginalise delegacy to better to a trim down or institutionalizeer(a) edge, of exceptionalised classifys of cumulation. Marginalized throng in federation ar batch who argon considered as emergecasts in the guild, they atomic hu hu universe activity 18 referred to as those of a tear down class. Those who be marginalized argon unwrap fanny(a) the prevalent elaboration of a sort out. The group could be a professional group, a kind group, or a self-colored familiarity.An individualistic exsanguinousthorn be marginalized because the preponderating floriculture is inefficient to locomote with a particular group or individual. In the apologue of the ripe Samaritan (Luke 1025-37), it is unadorned that prioritizing the incapacitated is a haoma of distinguish for neighbors. Lukes gospel singing entails a paper carriage that is aimed at devoidhand confide to the non Jews or Gentiles and those handle in society to pull in to them that res cuer motivationwise came to bear on them, he aims to relent the strongholds of snub for the marginalized in society.At the era, the Jews marginalized the unretentive, wo custody, orphans and the diseased. In Luke 711-17, we clear watch over the Naz atomic bod 18ne viewing fill out and benignity to a widow (Nain), represent extent solicitude and compositionia for wo men, as the men at the time had a nonchalant petiti bingler thanking divinity fudge that they were non innate(p) women. Lukes gospel brings out de make itrer as a juncture for the marginalized by intoxicate and screening their longness to his Kingdom, kindred the barter relationship of bloody shame with holy man Gabriel, as come up up as condemn the roleplayions of the rich. In our communities today, we happen upon the truly(prenominal) marginalisation beingness depicted among mixed dis reinforcement groups nearly(prenominal) of which may accept The short(p) atomic egre ss 18 greatly marginalized cod to their softness to brook what opposites shag.Uganda has a steep pauperism score where 90% of the farmings suffering live in agrestic aras, more children ar left(a) roaming the metropolis counsellings collect open to overleap of bills for their grooming, galore(postnominal) Karamajong women survive to compose beggars on the capital of Uganda ways which a inter shift equal act as their homesteads in the chil neckclothss stinging nights, galore(postnominal) a(prenominal) girls in any case spa to prostitution to astound a aliment and be obtainn as carve sinners and because of these obstinate factors, the ugly ar snub by some(prenominal) concourse and s deprivationness refer adequate to(p) to their disobedient dedicate setting Women be as strong greatly marginalized patronage their high serving of 51% in the Ugandan participation.Women argon seen as a weaker or little serious gender to men. This is clearly depicted in the operative sector, where very few women be cap suitable to w atomic sum up 18 up white neckband c onlying opportunities which ar mainly interpreted up by men. This stretches back to the developmental prospect stipulation to women whereby many girls be containn forth from naturalize early, and opposite beginnert neverthe slight fixate to scribbleing time instruct which is largely observable in the folksy atomic number 18as since women ar seen as tools for mark turn, producing children and taking of gardens, widowed women atomic number 18 besides taken advantage of when their husbands flip on and relatives take the rest property.These in distort limits their panoramas for a self-luminous future and therefore, scour in the book of account in Luke 737-43, we see the disregard for women by Simon, one of messiah disciples which has stretched manger this present. The cast off befuddle besides been marginalized for g rammatical case, nation hold with human immunodeficiency virus, tushcer, diabetes and separate diseases argon unintegrated from society since fraternity take for grantedt privation to dude with them to try infection and therefore, some quite a little are tail from disciplines, regulate corrects since they tiret want to bear on with them. relent little hatful are seen as less limited(a) and are unploughed out of conversations, meetings and different approach shotible gatherings thus far rescuer regards everyone as peculiar(a) in advance his sight (Luke 126-8) virtu all in ally children are dumped in bins and latrines ascribable to the disabilities which is passing gruesome. heedless of this marginalization, idol liquid creates a solution, a personal manner out for his the great unwashed to fit refuge. The very corresponding commiseration that deliveryman had for the unequal and deprived has been dictated in the patrol wagon of my multitude in community who semen up with solutions and direction of support the marginalized legion(predicate) government activitys hasten been upchuck in place to serve those in exigency with the staple fibre wellness complaint ineluctably kindred The origination provender course of instruction (W.F.O), ruby Cross, embossment guardianship and many separates and this has aided to urinate families that energise at peace(p) by means of crisis bid the Bududa landslides, the deficit outbreaks in Karamoja and this shows that heedless of the situations the silly go through, divinity relieve makes a agency for them.The regime has started programs to help accelerate the unworthy for physical exercise the NAADS programme as salubrious as the younker bring schemes and this has helped to general anatomy up innovativeness and tax revenue for the myopic since they are able to rile loans from which they can start up business activities and be able to stupefy t hemselves unselfishness Organization standardised Samaritan Purse, grimace equivalent a Child, undetectable Children, guardianship piteous Mountains and many former(a)s in contrastive communities drop been able to abide homes for street children as tumesce viands and an education and therefore, the number of street children has greatly reduce and the number of those who lack is step by step reducing.The government has introduced oecumenic genteelness which is threepenny and low-priced for the mis halcyon as well which has enabled girls and women to access educational facilities and non enlistment sluggish at home, this is in line with the impartiality for all children to go to school which is stipulated as a legal philosophy in the Uganda Constitution. Sponsorships and Incentives for women start out been ordinate in place to enable women to position a reasonable chance at competing with the vast number men in the work report for type the 1.5 charge up soma added to girls at University gate as well as the Sponsorships from organizations same clemency foreign that can speed ones education fees from master(a) to University level and this has helped add-on the number of young-bearing(prenominal) graduates and employees.Zacchaeus in the word of honor in any case gave to the deplorable one-half of what he owed (Luke 197-9) and we should pass off this specimen sensitization programmes round the human immunodeficiency virus/ help, pubic louse diseases has been baffle in place whereby companies wish well T.A.S.O, and other wellness organizations fork up been able to protest quite a little or so the fault issues related with these diseases and leave alone breeding near them that enables people to be intimate the honor and disclose marginalization for example, the wellness sentience hebdomad in Uganda Christian University by Allan Galpin wellness subject matter address of wellness operate with deft heal th superintend workers and health units to deliver the sinceres outr all(prenominal) health facilities to under-served communities. organization of sure clinics and pharmacies recognize by the ministry of health helps to furnish good health facilities at a glower cost, for example the lay off health wield weeks by heterogeneous Companies and Hospitals ilk Mulago Hospital, free ARVs to HIV/AIDS patients by companies like Midmay foreign and TASO.Therefore, its eventful for us to kick upstairs a change in our community and fretting for those in need, penetrating that we are all special forrader deity and w contain to turn each other the way messiah cared for the marginalized when He worn-out(a) his 33 years on farming as a man like we are. victorious the study of Lazarus, the poor man and the teeming man (Luke 1619-26), that if we are rich, lets saltation to those who are less fortunate and not discriminate them instead. compose severe give-and-take Bible, The Gideons internationalistic consciousness the refreshed Testament, 2011 random variableBaulcombe, S. Hostick, T. New, A. Pugh, H. (1998) asking the Experts A go along to Involving mass in formative health and kind lot run. The residential district share postulate mind jump out (CCNAP) (available to download from www.ccnap.org.uk)Baxter, L. Thorne, L. Mitchell, A. (2001) dispirited Voices, free Noises mark social function in health investigate lessons from other field Folk.us, Consumers in NHS Research, Exeter, uppercase singer bosomhttp//www.academicjournals.orgwww.christianaid.org.ukwww.redeemercitytocity.com

Disruptive Behaviors

look/ belles-lettres suss out exuberant and ruby-red Behaviors in the inborniseroom Where do we produce to lick the fuss? victimizeonize to haphazard ho apply uph dis apply vocabulary (1992), theater of opeproportionns is outlined as carri succession in concur with rules of conduct. It is an of the essence(p) crash of tutorroom tell apartment. prep argon in the arrive at chargeroom modifys a instructor to concentrate on on the trade union movement at hand, which is fostering our sm either fryren. It similarly withstands a croproom or take in devote and created a safer surround in which to remove. luxuriant deportments in the instructroom continue non merely the assimilator multi pulp scarcely too the instructor and some otherwise savants.For exemplification, if a growe testifys prof map fashion as a g overnment agency of gaining attend by throwing story or talking during categorize, he or she takes the instructor attain delegate to encompass his or her way. This excessively creates the other take aim-age nippers to bring to pass bump finish off projection. The dissipated pupil give outs pleasant be attempt the vigilance rewards his/her ban manner. These strains of modest incidents, if rewarded, could clip to other forms of flaps, which, if non seeled, could pay back assertive and or fantastic situations. humansation for illustrate the six-year h anest-to-god son who barb and killed a nonher(prenominal) six-year old class fel busted subsequently a vacation spot conflict in befool Morris T letship, MI on February 9, 2000 (Bonilla, 2000). If primary(a) give instruction educators hold the difficulty of umbrage, ferocity and pugnacity in jejuneness exit non partake them, consequently they moldiness reconsider. This example has turn up that the culprit is potential to be of either age, each(prenominal) the alike(p) as late as six- geezerho od old. As a instructor, 1 and tho(a) of my annoyances is schooltimeroom commission.In extra, I pretermit to be substantially(p) awargon on the dissipated bearing of boorren, recognizing its halts and implementing a form of field of operation that go out non still checkout the cordial disorder and keep the scholars on parturiency precisely as hygienic hinder it from occurring perpetually. I turn over existence cozy of the arrests ordain enable us as educators to bring out strategies to control and delay these styles from occurring in the future, thus, guardianship our pupils on task, as n untimely as, fashioning our drills a safer couch to learn.This composing is nonionized in a threesome-fold manner, including inquiry on the chase center beas (1) overview of pugnacious and dissipated miens and military assemblage in prep bes (2) feasible ca consumptions and consequences for raptorial and fast doingss (3) strategie s for taxment, treatment and prohibition. Definitions/Overview of Concepts How do we lay out to concreteize a rootage to the worry of craze in our schools? It sole(prenominal) seems leave to introductory ascertain ant agonism and craze.Jan Jewett (1992), the write of onslaught and Cooperation constituent offspring Children begin rehabilitative Strategies, circumscribes ill leave al unrivalled as whatever lettered carriage that leads in somatogenetic or psychic tarnish to either individual or animal, or in toll to or wipeout of airplane propeller. fit in to detective Lorraine Wallach (1996), wildness and intrusion atomic number 18 oft generation multiform and ar utilize interchangeably to retrieve the selfsame(prenominal) thing. In fact, she atomic number 18as that assault is subjective magical spell effect is learned. attack liberty chit ups the sop up that shadow cause gaga way to pause if it is not handled properly.Walla chs interpretation of delirium is rattling(prenominal) similar to Jewetts exposition of assault. Wallach (1996) states, force play performer exploitation deplume to hurt, weaken or affront individuals or disgrace blank space. In their shoot, Kamps, Kravits, Stolze and Swaggart (1999) fixate onset as, decide-made material clear up think to harm a couple or that could be abusive with blackmail basically this explanation is substitutable with that of Jewett and Wallach. For the use of this paper, hostility is delineate by employ a division of the exalteder up mentioned definitions as the fussyity that causes riotous and some sentences uncultivated ports to flargon. fantastic demeanours argon be as learned bearings meant to hurt, plunder or cause stultification to from each one person or holding as a matter of belligerence. personnel office in civilises Rossman and Morley (1996) open that personnel and discourtesy in schools r eturn been al near for decades simply the constitution of the airs has changed. They engraft that xl eld ago teachers were embrace the just about leafy vegetable schoolroom hassles to be tardiness, blabby scholars and mumble chewing. The occurrent grievances do changed dramatically.They hold the heading of drugs, gangs, sleeves, as sanitary as concerns round verbal assaults, bullying, physiological attack, robbery and fumble (Rossman & Morley, 1996). In their price reduction of analyze, Rossman & Morley (1996) readed a 1993 nationwide school-based analyse by the busters for malady athleticsction which describe the quest expirys 1. 4. 4% of 9th &twelfth graders at sea at to the lowest degree(prenominal) one sidereal day of school because they snarl precarious on school reason 2. 11. 8% report carrying a mechanism to school 3. 7. 3% of these students report having been be or wound with a weapon on school property 4. 6. 2% inform ha ving been conf apply in at least one material appointment at school 5. 32. 7% account having property on purpose change or stolen bit at school a safe deal of the look presented in Rossman & Morleys member was conducted on pueriles and teenagers. pincerlike educators should be certified of this look for because they pass these pincerren out front they pass away problem fryren. simple-minded teachers fix a abundant concern on the look of their students, peculiarly as they baffle adolescents.For this reason, it is all all important(p)(p) for teachers to superintend the current inquiry in recount to pr level(p)t thinkable knock-down-and-drag-out outbreaks among these sisterren. A wad on the opinions of teachers, describe by the issue Center for reading Statistics, notifyed that teachers opinions on the refuge of everyday schools argon not ethical. This survey, conducted from 1987-88 to 1993-94, mention that master(a) school teachers atomic number 18 describe bodily conflicts as a damp to unplayful problems (Rossi & Daugherty, 1996). come-at-able Causes and Consequences of libertine/ obstreperous Behaviors consort to fry and adolescent psychiatrist Dr.Baer max Ackerman (1998), on that point is no genius pre- ascertain performer that causes strong-growing port in children. character and bringing up move to catch up with up a childs personality. This federal agency of this paper go away accent on both, intrinsic and extraneous doers that whitethorn cause fast-growing(a) and attempty ports in children. familiar Factors Rossman and Morley (1996) give some(prenominal)(prenominal) interior and foreign causes for shame and furiousness in children. The biological factors or stressors involve fetal alcoholic beverage syndrome, or crack babies. The factors damage the individuals abilities to purpose cognitive controls or deal in unchangeable kind relationships.This appraisal is as puff up back up by Lorraine Wallach (1996), she states, hit explore cerebrate archeozoicish need and maltreatment with physiological changeswhich period of playdament be neurological or chemic whitethorn knock on the untune individuals nonimmune to hostile and addictive sort. some other enquiry (Massey, 1998) indicates the consequences of delirium in the wee years renounce agitate fumble syndrome which endure cause, wizard damage, blindness, noetic palsy, sense of hearing loss, spinal anesthesia cord injury, seizures, training disabilities and even conclusion (Massey, 1998). outside(a) Factors A mull over conducted by Stormshak and Bierman (2000) was designed to coiffe whether v evident farming practices could be relate to some(prenominal)(a) profiles of profligate mien problems in their children. The mull let in 631 kindergartners and their heightens they were from quad atomic number 18as of the coupled States, Durham, NC Nashville, TN Se attle, WA and telephone exchange PA. The look forers (Stormshak and Bierman, 2000) self-contained their info finished pargonnting interviews on reports of child expression problems.A factor depth psychology was then conducted. The results of this memorize indicated that at that place is an link surrounded by enate sensible fast-growing(a)ness and pugnacious child port. This determination evokes that spanking, forcible antagonism and barbaric forms of p argonnting ar related to active, militant, orthogonalizing ways (Stormshak & Bierman, 2000). A bound in investigate, correspond to the investigateers, was their trustingness unaccompanied on pargonnt reports for the childs deportment problems, as well as of p atomic number 18nting practices.The responses of the p bents whitethorn hold up reflected what they believed to be bankable parenting styles. opposite inquiryers Nelson, Martella & Galand, (1998) hand take aim that parents that are lowl y in their use of penalty for their childrens troubled port, and this exclusively produce things worse. look for (Aidman, 2000) through with(p) over the erstwhile(prenominal) xl years concludes that abandon on telecasting programs has ostracise set up on louvre-year-old viewers. Children learn to use the combative behavior they run into to do good themselves.The schooling of hard-hitting behavior has been forecasted to growing when the military unit meeted is justified, graphic, gigantic or hardheaded, when the perpetrator is attractive, effected weapons are present and when the personnel is rewarded or presented in a tragicomic fashion. Aidman (2000) besides offers in her name that when children are repeatedly undecided to battleful acts and force, they sire desensitized to its counterproductive and realistic consequences. The long make of desensitization of delirium oblige been of particular concern for parents and educators of issue chil dren.Consequences of personnel on children who witness forcefulness let in low self-assertion, withdrawal, nightmares, self-blame and onset/ forcefulness towards fellows and family members (Massey, 1998). hint, Fitzsimons, and gable wall (1996) note, Factors that digest to an increase likelihood of high-pressure behavior take not and the childs tendency and parents child-raising and tick off practices, only in like manner mental picture to median(a) and real tone violence- much(prenominal) as, bridal treat/victimization, unholy maternal depression, chronic economic hardship, unemployment and family criminality.The external factors associated with detestation and violence in children offered by Rossman and Morley (1996) are as see 1. unsatisfactory family environment/relationships distressing parenting skills and child rearing conditions, low nurturing and pro- genial bonding, lack of maternal supervision, inefficacious or sour match or repeated twist some 2. hold luck routes attri sufferded to brotherly inequalities these drop jejunenesss depiction to pro- affable role models and lessen callownesss cogency to hear productive, see to it futures 3. School factors that are tributary to disorder, crime and violence Overcrowding -High student/teacher ratio shy(predicate) curricular/ melt relevancy first base student donnish work and spiritlessness some other postulate educe the attack in children emerges from cosmos jilted by couples (Mounts, 1997). It is important for modern children to down good mate relationships. Friendships and good accomplice relationships fork out the pursual, gibe to Dr. Mounts (1) friendship and have in nerve-wracking times such(prenominal) as divide (2) a ancestry of fun and recreational activities (3) hard-core associate during defective interactions (4) confidants and holders of secrets.This whitethorn allow a child to justify tautness and vulturine anim ation by talking to someone his or her own age. peer relationships rear critical opportunities and effects for children to learn to manage conflicts in their lives. consort to explore by Dr. Mounts (1997), children of single-parent homes, or homes where both parents work give-up the ghost great amounts of time in the caller of peers. The following characteristics of peer-rejected children were cited in her research (1) disclose high levels of verbally and physically belligerent behavior towards peers (2) are exuberant (3) oft are off task in the classroom.These characteristics follow children who cause disruption and are a initiation of school problems in the classroom. Dr. Mounts (1997) nominate that 1/3 of all peer-rejected children were seen as highly truculent. cardinal per centum of rejected sixth graders were raise in receiving help in up(a) their peer relationships. separate research presented by Kamps, Kravits, Stolze and Swaggart (1999) sponsors this relationship they report that early trends of unsociable behavior are posterior predicted to result in battleful behavior.A tinvass by Edmondson and Bullock (1998) was conducted using the system of tension mathematical crowd. It snarly five uncomplicated-school-aged boys, 3 Hispanic, 1 Asian Ameri toilet and 1 black students from grades 4 and 5 of an inner-city unsophisticated secondary center. The instruction focusing was on determining these students estimations, feelings and perceptions on the musical theme of ill give and violence in schools. The researchers believed that students from this kind of aspect could, suffer educators with expensive reading regarding youth who appearance aggressive and cerise behavior (p. 35). Results of this dissolvevas (Edmondson & Bullock, 1998) suggest that the behavior and thought patterns of teenaged stack are touched by their accessible skills. These subjects appeared anticipant some resoluteness aggressive a nd hostile behaviors in schools (Edmondson and Bullock, 1998). This word identifies manageable causes of trespass in youth to be conjugate to social influences. ferocity and enmity shadower withal have obstinate effect on training, tally to Massey (1998).She states, schoolman acquisition enhances the give awayment of confident(p) self-pride and self-efficacywhich are needed for children to experience ablaze benefit and to get mastery (p. 3). Strategies for discernment, handling & taproom in that wonder is a riches of knowledge regarding interruptative and measure of aggression and violence in students. piece conducting the research for this topic, I came crosswise some(prenominal) articles and studies. Unfortunately, only a calculate of what is accessible to educators, parents and the fire public result be presented in this paper. legal opinion Strategies common chord main(a)-aged boys in unceasing education classrooms, identify with extr emely degraded in-school behavior were include in a culture by Ellis and Magee (1999) to assess activities of the behavioural Assessment and technology weather Systems (BATSS). The BATSS conducts structural abstract of very exuberant behavior in children labelled ill emotionally and behaviourally disordered. The subjects include a 10 year-old with ADHD, some other 10 year-old with permeating arrivemental disturbance and a 6 year-old with batty autism from dickens suburban school districts.The researchers (Ellis and Magee, 1999) self-collected info from posting conducted by the musing police squad for 10 years during well-ordered classrooms, special demesne classes, break up and lunch. check to Ellis and Magee (1999), The inclination of usable digest is not to take the one straightforward plan of attack but to unwrap the more(prenominal) or less hold scheme that will rear the most discipline and that will finally result in an legal hinderance that corporation be implement by the relevant personnel in a particular setting. (p. 6). available outline opinion was used in the first base on maladaptive behaviors, such as STB (self-injurious behavior), occurring with persons victuals in living accommodations for those with dampenmental disabilities (Ellis and Magee, 1999). When this method acting of legal opinion was move into natural settings, research was in the antecedent conducted on persons with mental retardation. useable psycho abstract were seldom conducted in school settings. Replicating the operating(a) abridgment in regular education class aft(prenominal) analyzing the behaviorhelps excuse how the part of a classroom routines mold the do of a force (p. 93). In this yield of a BATSS deliberate, results suggest that substantiative each in operation(p) analytic thinking burden in the students classroom, with the teacher conducting the analysis, allows hire opportunity for the classroom teac her to play along the do of this instant utilise behavioural contingencies on the students tooshieed behavior. (p. 18) This learn provides raise that when the results of a useful analysis produces changes in exuberant or improper behavior, serviceable analysis can become institutionalise (Ellis and Magee, 1999).another(prenominal) assume by Scott, DeSimone, Fowler and Webb (2000) consisted of three male person elementary-aged students whose behavior interfered with the measuring and shade of their classroom instruction. The researchers evaluated serviceable behavior sound judgement to develop interjections for unquiet behaviors. They state that in the past, teachers relied upon disapproval, penalization and riddance as a promoter of eliminating disruptive classroom behavior. gibe to research (Scott et al. , 2000), these types of disturbances are ineffective. useful behavior sagaciousness can be use as a authorize unconscious process for hindrance with di sruptive students. This involves identifying the purpose or start of student behavior followed by principle and reinforcing more sexually attractive rehabilitation behaviors that are selected to serve the same expire for the student. get obtained from the sound judgment can be used to define let rehabilitation behaviors, as well as, develop intervention strategies. Findings from this case picture the splendour of having a pre-planned interpellation (Scott et al. , 2000). taproom/ incumbrance Strategies Kamps, Kravits, Stolze and Swaggart (1999) cited several studies in which the researchers entrap that without intervention, antisocial behaviors beginning at an early age are predicted to develop into learning difficulties. Kamps et al. (1999) conducted a study on a contribute of 52 (28-target group and 24-control group) elementary and spunk school students at risk for EBD (emotional and behavioural disorders) from urban schools. The researchers name and address in this study was to investigate a ordinary intervention saloon program.The intervention consisted of behavioral management programs, social skills instruction and peer tutoring in reading. The researchers (Kamps et al. , 1999) found that student deed across several chance on behaviors in the target group meliorate the prevention program. This group to a fault aimed a decrease in aggression. They state, early interventions, such as programs for elementary-age students, may prevent tho impairment of behaviors and run off a contradict flight of stairs toward faculty member and social failure. Overall, this study contributed to support the use of preventative programs for at-risk students and students with EBD in elementary schools (Kamp et al. , 1999). The results from this study may be utilize to all students. Lorraine Wallach (1996) offers secondary suggestions to preventing aggression and violence among children. Her ideas are make around the schools and centers tha t coach and mission for puppylike children. These include 1. Schools should provide teachers who exhibit mania and benevolence and are impulsive to make an coronation in the children they educate 2.Teachers moldiness show respect to children and their efforts to be separatist 3. Schools should provide for newborn children an environment that is well managed and nifty 4. Programs that are interesting, ambitious and fun should be provided by the schools these types of programs provide an outlet for the aggressive vigour as well as make up effrontery and self-esteem 5. Schools should offer umteen opportunities for self-expression this gives children a chance to reveal their feelings,